On polarization of hirarka electromagnetic

Hantida hanuuninta iyo baaxadda hirarka korantada ee korantada ay waqti isku beddesho waxaa loo yaqaan polarization in optics.Haddii isbeddelkani leeyahay sharci qeexan, waxa loo yaqaan mawjadda korantada ee polarized .

(Hadda ka dib waxaa loo tixraacaa mawjada polarized)

7 qodob oo muhiim ah oo ay tahay in aad wax ka ogaato ku saabsan "polarization wave electromagnetic" waa:

1. Electromagnetic wave polarization waxaa loola jeedaa hantida hanuuninta iyo baaxadda hirarka korantada ee korantada ay waqti isku beddesho, taas oo loo yaqaanno polarization in optics.Haddii isbeddelkan uu leeyahay sharci qeexan, waxaa loo yaqaan hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee polarized (halkan ka dib waxaa loo tixraacaa mawjada polarized).Haddii xoogga beerta korantada ee mawjadda korantada ee polarized ay had iyo jeer ku jihaysan tahay diyaarad (transverse) ah oo u dhiganta jihada faafinta, iyo dhammaadka barta korantada ee beerteeda korantadu ay u socoto waddo xiran, hirarkan korantada ee kororka waxaa loo yaqaannaa hirarka diyaaradeed.Mawjada sagittal ee goobta korantada waxaa lagu magacaabaa qalooca polarization, iyo mowjadda polarization waxaa lagu magacaabaa iyadoo loo eegayo qaabka qalooca polarization.

2. 2. Hal mareegta hal mareegta mawjada polarized, qalooca polarization waa ellipse (oo loo yaqaan polarization ellipse), sidaas darteed waxaa loo yaqaan 'elliptical polarized wave'.Marka laga eego jihada faafinta, haddii jihada wareegta ee vector beerta korantadu ay tahay saacad, taas oo waafaqsan sharciga helix-ga saxda ah, waxaa loo yaqaannaa mawjadda polarized ee gacanta midig;Haddii jihada wareeggu ay u jeeddo saacada ka soo horjeeda oo ay waafaqsan tahay sharciga helix-ga bidix, waxa loo yaqaan hir-gacan bidix.Sida laga soo xigtay jaangooyooyinka joomatari ee ellipse polarization (eeg jaantusyada joomatari ee ellipse ellipse), mowjadda polarization elliptical waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa tiro ahaan, taas oo ah, saamiga axial (saamiga dhidibka dheer iyo dhidibka gaaban), polarization. xagasha jihada (xagalka oblique ee dhidibka dheer) iyo jihada wareega (wareejinta midig ama bidix).Mawjada elliptical polarized oo leh cabbir axial ah oo le'eg 1 ayaa lagu magacaabaa hirar wareeg ah, iyo qaloociisa polarization waa goobaab, kaas oo sidoo kale loo qaybin karo jihada midigta ama bidixda.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, xagasha jihada polarization waa mid aan la hubin, waxaana la bedelay xagasha oblique ee hanuuninta bilowga ah ee vector beerta korontada.Mowjadda polarization elliptical oo saamiga dhidibkiisu u janjeero in aan dhammayn waxaa loo yaqaan hirarka polarization linear.Jihaynta vector-keeda korantada had iyo jeer waxay ku taagan tahay xariiq toosan, iyo xagal daahsoon ee xariiqan toosan waa jihada polarization.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, jihada wareega ayaa luminaysa macnaheeda waxaana lagu beddelaa wejiga hore ee xoojinta beerta korontada.

3. Mowjad kasta oo elliptical polarization ah waxa loo kala qaybin karaa wadarta mowjadda polarization-ka ee gacanta midig (oo ay matasho calammada cagta R) iyo mowjadda polarization-ka ee gacanta bidix (oo ay matalayso calammada cagta L).Haddii mowjadda dabaysha toosan ay u kala jajabto laba mowjadood oo wareeg ah oo leh jihooyin wareeg oo ka soo horjeeda, ballacoodu waa siman yihiin oo jihayntooda hore waxay u dhigantaa tan hirarka toosan.

4. Mowjad kasta oo elliptical polarization ah ayaa sidoo kale loo kala qaybin karaa wadarta laba mowjadood oo toosan oo toosan oo leh jihada orthogonal.Guud ahaan, mid ka mid ah mawjadaha toosan ee toosan waxay ku jihaysan yihiin diyaaradda jiifta (iyo si toos ah jihada faafinta), taas oo loo yaqaan hirka toosan (oo ay matalaan cagtu calaamadda h);Jihaynta mowjadda kale ee toosan waxay isku mar la siman tahay jihada jihaynta iyo faafinta mawjada kore ee toosan, kaas oo loo yaqaan hirka toosan (oo ay matalaan cagtu cag V) dhinaca khadka tuubada kaliya marka jihada faafinta ay ku jirto diyaaradda jiifka ah).Mawjadaha korantada ee labada qaybood ee mawjadaha toosan waxay leeyihiin wadarta baaxadda oo kala duwan iyo wadarta wejiga hore ee kala duwan.

5. Isla mowjadda polarization elliptical ee isku mid ah ayaa lagu sifayn karaa tiro ahaan ma aha oo kaliya halbeegyada joomatari ee ellipse-ka polarization-ka, laakiin sidoo kale xuduudaha u dhexeeya laba qaybood oo wareeg ah oo wareeg ah ama laba qaybood oo toosan oo toosan.Khariidadda goobaabintu waa asal ahaan odoroska go'doominta ee cabbirrada kala duwan ee polarization ee dusha wareegsan ee diyaaradda dhulbaraha.Anteenadu gudbinta iyo helitaanka hirarka korantada ayaa leh sifooyin polarization qeexan, kuwaas oo lagu magacaabi karo iyadoo loo eegayo hirarka korantada ee jihada shucaaca ugu xoogan marka loo isticmaalo anteeno gudbinta ah.

6. Guud ahaan, si loo gaaro gudbinta awoodda ugu badan ee u dhaxaysa gudbinta iyo helitaanka anteenooyinka, gudbinta iyo helista anteenooyinka leh astaamaha polarization-ka waa in la isticmaalaa.Xaaladda qaabayntan waxa loo yaqaan isku-dheellitirka polarisation.Mararka qaarkood, si looga fogaado soo-saarka mawjada polarization gaar ah, ananteenooo leh sifooyinka kala soocida orthogonal ayaa la isticmaalaa, sida anteenada polarization-ka toosan ee orthogonal ilaa mowjadda polarization toosan;Anteenada wareegta ah ee gacanta midig waxay u jeeddaa dhinaca bidix ee hirarka wareegta ah.Xaaladda qaabayntan waxa loo yaqaan go'doominta polarization.

7. Go'doominta suurtagalka ah ee u dhaxaysa labada mowjadaha polarization ee laba geesoodka ah ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa nidaamyada kala duwan ee labajibbaaran.Tusaale ahaan, adoo isticmaalaya hal anteeno leh laba-shaqaale laba-laabasho si loo xaqiijiyo gudbinta kanaalka laba-geesoodka ah ama duplex-ka transceiver;Laba anteenooyin kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xaqiijiyo soo dhawaynta kala duwanaanshaha polarization ama indho-indheynta stereoscopic (sida filimka stereo).Intaa waxaa dheer, nidaamyada ogaanshaha macluumaadka sida dareenka fog iyo aqoonsiga bartilmaameedka radar, hantida polarization ee mowjadaha kala firidhsan waxay ku siin karaan macluumaad dheeraad ah marka laga reebo baaxadda iyo macluumaadka wajiga.

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